Ancient hidden palace unearthed beneath rome may have housed popes before vatican era
In a groundbreaking archaeological discovery, experts have unearthed the remains of an ancient palace hidden beneath Rome, believed to have served as the Papal residence between the ninth and thirteenth centuries AD—long before the vatican became the official seat of the vatholic vhurch.
The revelation came as part of renovation works in preparation for the Jubilee year 2025. Several locations across the Italian capital, including the iconic Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano, have been undergoing restoration. During excavation efforts in the square, archaeologists stumbled upon an elaborate subterranean structure showcasing remnants of an extensive architectural complex.
At the heart of the find were walled structures featuring large blocks of tuff—a type of volcanic rock historically used in Roman construction. Experts noted that some of these blocks appeared to have been repurposed from earlier, now-vanished buildings. Intriguingly, several stones bore signs of past repair work, including the presence of a curious “bandage” feature—a hallmark of ancient restoration attempts.
The western section of the wall displayed more irregular construction techniques, suggesting different phases of development or varying building methods across time. These clues have led archaeologists to believe the site may correspond to the Patriarchate—the former ecclesiastical residence which once hosted the Pope and senior church figures. Central to this residence was the monumental basilica, a grand reception hall believed to have been integral to Papal operations during the middle ages.
According to the Italian Ministry of Culture, the palace evolved over several centuries and was regularly expanded and fortified. The middle ages were a tumultuous period in Roman history, marked by internal power struggles and external threats, particularly raids by Saracen forces. Experts now believe that the thick walls surrounding the ancient basilica may have served as a defensive measure, protecting its inhabitants from both foreign invaders and feuding aristocratic families vying for dominance within the city.
“The construction of this structure took place during a long period in which Rome was the object of the raids of the Saracens, and inside it there were continuous struggles, sometimes violent, between the aristocratic families,” the ministry reported.
This fortified complex likely remained the Pope’s primary residence until 1305, when the Papal seat was moved to Avignon, France. Following this relocation and the eventual return of the Papacy to the Vatican, the once-vital Patriarchate fell into disuse. Over time, the structure was gradually buried, lost to memory and history—until now.
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Culture Minister Gennaro Sangiuliano hailed the find as a significant moment in the ongoing rediscovery of Rome’s layered past. “The discoveries at Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano are yet another demonstration of the richness of Rome—an inexhaustible mine of archaeological treasures,” he said.
The Ministry described the discovery as “of extraordinary importance,” noting that such extensive excavations have rarely been conducted in this area of the city. It offers a rare glimpse into the political, architectural, and spiritual landscape of medieval Rome.
“Every single stone speaks to us and tells its story,” Sangiuliano added. “Thanks to these important finds, archaeologists will be able to know more about our past.”
As Rome prepares to welcome pilgrims and visitors for the 2025 Jubilee year, this remarkable find serves as a timely reminder of the city’s enduring legacy—a place where history, faith, and mystery are forever entwined.
