Black history month explained: Its origins, celebrations, and myths
From 1st February, schools, museums, and communities across the nation will begin commemorating Black History Month, a time dedicated to celebrating Black history, culture, and education. The origins of this observance stretch back almost a century, evolving significantly over time to become the widely recognised event it is today.
The origins of black history month
Black History Month was not always a month-long event. In February 1926, historian and author Carter G. Woodson initiated Negro History Week as an effort to educate people about African-American history and the contributions of Black individuals. This initiative was undertaken through the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), which Woodson founded in 1915.
“I think Black people understood what they had contributed to America’s historical narrative, but no one was centralising it until Dr. Carter G. Woodson did so in 1926,” said Kaye Whitehead, ASALH’s president.
Following Woodson’s death in 1950, members of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, to which Woodson belonged, actively encouraged the celebration of Negro History Week. The fraternity played a crucial role in advocating for the expansion of the event into a month-long observance. Eventually, in 1976, President Gerald Ford issued the first presidential message recognising Black History Month. Since then, successive U.S. presidents have continued this tradition, formally acknowledging the month each year.
Celebrating black history
Each year, ASALH announces a theme for black history month, a tradition initiated by Woodson himself. The theme for 2025 is ‘African Americans and Labour’, highlighting the role of black workers in shaping the nation through industry and community efforts.
Black history month is commemorated in a variety of ways. Communities and families often use the occasion to explore genealogy, learn about their ancestors, or come together over shared meals. According to Worth K. Hayes, an associate professor at Morehouse College, these personal traditions are just as important as public events.
“We may be more familiar with the more public ways of celebrating, but there are also more intimate ways in which these messages are shared and how the holiday is propagated,” said Hayes.
Schools frequently hold assemblies and discussions to honour Black leaders. The Centre for Racial Justice in Education notes that some institutions invite elders to share their experiences, allowing students to learn directly from those who have witnessed significant historical events. Additionally, some communities select specific themes or principles for in-depth study during the month.
Myths surrounding black history month
There are several misconceptions about black history month. One persistent myth is that the U.S. government deliberately assigned Black History Month to February because it is the shortest month of the year. In reality, Carter G. Woodson chose February because it included the birthdays of two significant figures in black history—Abraham lincoln and Frederick douglass.
Another widely debated issue is the idea that black history should not be confined to just one month. Actor morgan Freeman has been among those criticising the concept, arguing that Black history is American history and should be recognised year-round. However, Hayes suggests that Black History Month is not solely about African-American history but about Black history globally.
“If you’re talking about black history month, you’re not only talking about nat turner but also Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution. You’re discussing the men and women who led independence movements on the African continent,” Hayes explained.
Whitehead added that Black history is for everyone, not just for Black people.
“If you’re in an environment where everyone around you is white, then you need Black History Month more than ever. You need to understand that the world is much larger and more diverse than you may assume,” she said.
Black history month in 2025
As political climates shift, some worry about the future of black history month and how black history will be taught in schools. Some government agencies have paused celebrations of cultural or historical observances, including black history month. However, ASALH has emphasised that these decisions will not affect how Black History Month is celebrated.
“Negro history week started in 1926 without any proclamation from anyone other than the people,” said ASALH executive director Sylvia Cyrus. “The president of the United States has his views, but the contributions of african americans and other people of colour remain undeniable.”
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The centre for racial justice in education noted that educators might now be even more determined to integrate black history into their curricula beyond February.
“Resistance takes many inspiring forms, and those dedicated to celebrating this essential history are employing creative and strategic approaches to share and expand its reach,” the organisation stated.
Hayes echoed this sentiment, highlighting the resilience of black history education.
“African americans, like all cultures, have taken ownership of their history,” he said. “Political developments may influence its presentation, but this story will continue to be told regardless of the current political landscape.”
Ultimately, black history month is not dependent on government recognition. As Whitehead stated, Black people do not need permission to celebrate their history.
“It doesn’t happen because we’re waiting for a statement to be released. We proclaim it. We celebrate it. We uplift it. We centre it. And we ensure that people understand that this is our history,” she said.
